Those are skill points. If you have acertain amount of each one, you can get a certain character. And I tried to get a Mametchi too. It's hard. You need 350 intelligence (pencil) points. So you have to play certain games and you also have to play the mini-game when your tama is a teen and you picked a teacher.
Mr. Turtlepedia gives you Intelligence (pencil) points
Ms. Flower gives you the star points (sorry I don't know what those are called...fashion maybe?)
Mr. Canvas gives you the flower points (I think they're called Kindness points...?)